The Effects of Unemployment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1227 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? Unemployment refers to the condition of being jobless or the proportion of unemployed individuals to the civilian workforce. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, every individual out of employment is not jobless. To be factored in the unemployment rate one does not necessarily be without employment but also they must have actively searched for employment in the last one month. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Unemployment" essay for you Create order Suppose one is temporarily removed and are waiting to be rehired, they are still legible.However, if one gives up, they are not considered I the unemployment rate. The actual jobless rate is higher if one considers the demoralized individuals. In this paper, I will discuss the effect of unemployment on various aspects of American Society. Unemployment, to be specific sustained unemployment has subtle and obvious influences at the national, communal and individual levels, with families and individuals enduring the burden of psychological, emotional, physical and spiritual effects. Unemployment numbers, so distant and dry to those working, can cause traumatic tallies on the unemployed. Those same numbers drive political and business resolutions that result in a brutal sequence of individual-fulfilling prophecies, employment losses resulting in economic cut downs which in turn result in more employment cutbacks. Unemployment has a direct impact on the economy. It affects both the stability and growth of a nationrs economy. However, the employment rate acts as a lagging factor meaning that it assess the impact of economic activity, like a recession. The rate does not increase until a recession commences. It also indicates that the unemployment rate continues rising despite the recovery of an economy. Employers, therefore, become unwilling to sack employees when economic conditions worsen. In the case of major corporations, it takes longer to execute a layoff strategy. Corporations resist employing individuals until the economy takes a direction towards the development sphere of the economic sequence. For instance, During the 2008 financial crisis, the recession actually started in the first quarter of 2008 when GDP fell 1.8 percent. The unemployment rate didnt reach 5.5 percent until May 2008. It reached its peak of 10.2 percent in October 2009, after the recession had ended. (Griep et al., 2 016) Unemployment also has a direct impact on the unemployed individual. In an article form The New York Times on The Enduring Consequences of Unemployment, Mr. Applebaum an economist elaborates that the repercussions of an unemployed person are both long-lasting and grave (Verick, 2009). For instance, individuals who got employed during the extreme early 1980 recession were earning roughly twenty percent lesser than the average twenty years later. Long-lasting repercussions spread to the kith and kin of unemployed individuals also. A research conducted in the US showed that the sons of unemployed guardians earn nine percent less than those of employed guardians with similar and equal skills and knowledge. Someone who is laid off when the unemployment rate is less than 6 percent will lose an average of a year and a halfs worth of earnings, (Verick, 2009). Additionally, the more one becomes unemployed the harder it gets for an individual to find a job once again mainly because the employe rs are cautious of the long period of unemployment and also due to the loss of skill and expertise over time of no practice. In addition to the lack of income, unemployed individuals tend to lose self-respect as well as friends. The social and personal results of unemployment include poverty and hardship, debt, housing stress and homelessness, family breakdowns and tensions, alienation, boredom, stigma and shame, crime, elevated social isolation, erosion of self-esteem and confidence, ill health and the depreciating of work skills. Majority of these costs increase as the unemployment period increases. Unemployed individuals report that being jobless is the worst tragedy that ever happened to them. Basing from a health perspective, unemployment influences the mental, psychological and physical health of the unemployed. Despite the insufficient scientific conclusions on the Great depression, informal facts show that individuals in the early 1930s, when the unemployment toll was at thirty percent, suffered from similar maladies encountered by the currently unemployed people. Anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness are persistent characteristics for many unemployed individuals, especially males (McGee Thompson, 2015). Self-esteem depreciates, especially in men with no or little family assistance. Medical visits increase, drug use increases and ailments are higher in the unemployed. After being unemployed for 18 months, a persons chance of developing a serious ailment like diabetes or heart trouble increases twofold (Vancea Utzet, 2016). Children suffer depression since they consume parental negativity and gloom. School absences increase resulting in poor grades. Majority of child renrs self-esteem and self-awareness are interconnected to their guardianrs feelings of individual worth. When it comes to family, the loss of a breadwinner results into enormous stress, not only on financial grounds but it also causes ancillary reactions such as quarreling among spouses which consequently has grave effects on children. School dropout levels are high in homes with high unemployment rates. Young ones assume mental and emotional and physical characteristics of their stressed guardians (McGee Thompson, 2015). The weakening of family bonds cannot be relinquished by work-related activities as they do not exist. Resentment, among family members, becomes a long-term issue for the families of unemployed, and ill-treatment especially physical harassment of unemployed males towards their wives and children increases. Social breakdowns, via overloaded social schedules and increasing crime rates, eventually occur, even though the information conflicts among crime levels. The Great Depression Period crime analysis, significantly less detailed than modern analyses, shows that crime increased rapidly among low-income citizens, implying that current relations between crime and poverty possess deeper sociological sources. Apart from financial problems of being unable to provide basic needs, unemployed individuals have to overcome additional frustrations when attempting to fill for employment positions, Medicaid, food stamps and tarmacking in search of jobs (Verick, 2009). Drug abuse increases among the unemployed and their families. Unemployment also bears a significant effect on youth. This is evident in the Great Depression period. The 19th century saw the young adultrs unemployment level hit thirty percent exceeding the countryrs average. Many children could not afford high school education. By 2013, the rate for youth aged sixteen to twenty-four was roughly twice the nationrs average (Verick, 2009). Youthful unemployed individuals do not only experience lost income, but they also miss out on opportunities to grow their set of skills which suppresses their earning capabilities over a period of time. Unemployment among young adults and the youth also creates a breeding environment for gang annexation. In conclusion, it is evident that unemployment does not only affect the unemployed individual, it also affects his family, the community and the nation at large. The effects of unemployment range from ill health, poor financial conditions, and social interaction problems to crime. Work Cited Griep, Y., Kinnunen, U., N? ¤tti, J., De Cuyper, N., Mauno, S., M? ¤kikangas, A., De Witte, H. (2016). The effects of unemployment and perceived job insecurity: a comparison of their association with psychological and somatic complaints, self-rated health and life satisfaction. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 89(1), 147-162. McGee, R. E., Thompson, N. J. (2015, March 19). Unemployment and Depression Among Emerging Adults in 12 States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12. Vancea, M., Utzet, M. (2016). How unemployment and precarious employment affect the health of young people: A scoping study on social determinants. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(1), 73-84. Verick, S. (2009). Who is hit hardest during a financial crisis? The vulnerability of young men and women to unemployment in an economic downturn.

The Culture At Lehman Effective Or Ineffective - 1244 Words

In what ways was the culture at Lehman effective or ineffective? The distrustful, distasteful culture at Lehman was dotted with division. Bankers and traders viewed one another as the Other; two core competencies consistently betrayed and berated their counterpart, bankers referred to traders as â€Å"animals† and traders to bankers as â€Å"Ivy League elitists†. In such an environment, teamwork cannot thrive--it can hardly exist. This is one of the reasons the culture was ineffective. Although there existed a clear strategy (product differentiation through higher returns), there did not exist a unified culture promoting that strategy. Instead, we saw two cultures perpetually vying for dominance: that of the bankers and of the traders. Given that an effective culture is high crystallization and high intensity, the key ingredient for the criteria for an effective culture was missing. The culture at Lehman was not strong, as it was lacking high agreement.Lehman’s informal structure was comprised of a clear divide between the traders and the bankers. Lewis L. Glucksman was appointed by Peter G. Peterson to serve as his co-chief executive officer. However, as a man full of resentment, Glucksman used his new power to gain revenge against the investment bankers, whom he felt condescended him. He was frustrated with the notion that bankers controlled the firm, despite the fact that the traders generated two-th irds of the profits. Bankers were stereotyped as the elite and the traders wereShow MoreRelatedRed Flags For Risk Management From The Corporate Governance Of Bear Stearns And Lehman Brothers1606 Words   |  7 Pages3. Identify red flags for risk management from the corporate governance of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. Assess difference and similarities for these two banks. Similarities: 1) Short-Term Compensation Mix Both Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers’ Compensation Committees had approved mixes of cash bonus compensation, stock options and stock awards which appeared to favor and reward short-term performance. We put a red flag on this area. This conclusion is based on the facts that management job securityRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour3984 Words   |  16 PagesFactors that determine successful performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.4 Effect of Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Teamwork†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Capable Credible Leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Obstacles to effective organizational performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Conflict†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦8 Stress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Ineffective Communication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Low Morale Motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreTexas Sexual Education Policy : A Proposed Policy Change1625 Words   |  7 Pagesprimary means of access to proper sexual education that a student might not otherwise receive. The current state policy on sexual education as proven completely ineffective. In a 2008 study that measured the effectiveness of different types of sexual education programs, it was found that abstinence based programs were virtually ineffective with results only showing extremely minimal positive impact if any (Kirby, 2008). There has been no research no back up the school of thought that abstinence basedRead MoreA Nurse Residency Program For New Nursing1433 Words   |  6 Pagespractice areas. The area I work in is home health and this is a growth area the need for a residency program cannot be over stated home health is not the same home health that it was 10 years’ age, hospital beds are expensive and it is more cost effective to get the patient discharged home with nursing visits as soon as possible. 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As a result, manufacturers and retailers have been gradually Address correspondence to Lin Yang, School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria UniversityRead MoreEvolution of Organizational Development5723 Words   |  23 Pagesand Nohria propose that there is an inherent tension between organizational strategies designed to improve economic performance (Theory E) and organizational strategies designed to build organizational capacity (Theory O). They argue that the most effective approach to change integrates the two theories along six dimensions: goals, leadership, focus, process, rewards, and use of consultants. This article assesses the efficacy of the Beer and Nohria hypothesis in explaining organizational change by examiningRead MoreCapital Mortgage Insurance Corporation (a)31612 Words   |  127 Pagesproperty; the Source: Capital Mortgage Insurance Company (A), 9-480-057. Copyright  ©1980 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. This case was prepared by James P. Ware as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Reprinted by permission of the Harvard Business School. This case written in 1979. For a variety of reasons, it is not possible to update the financial information or the fact pattern in the case.

Zara Fast Fashion Executive Summary - 5256 Words

Hong Kong Baptist University Semester 1, 2007-2008 BUS 3200 Strategic Management Case Assignment Zara: Fast Fashion NG Pui Yan, Ivy 05003539 CHAN Chi Cheuk, Sunny 05006856 CHUI Yuen Shan, Cora 05017041 LOK Ka Pik, Capi 06004911 GUENTHNER Patrick 07501153 Executive summary Quick response of Zara leads it to be successful in the fashion clothing industry. Zara adopts international strategy for its operation. With vertical integration, it benefits Zara in cost aspect, however, it involves some risks. Due to our anaylysis on Zara’s operations, some of the recommendations are made to facilitate its further improvements. Marco-environment Macro-environments are changing in different aspects which influence Zara’s†¦show more content†¦This can be seen from Fig 3 that the export and import during 2005 and 2006 have significantly increased and it is foreseen that the future global trend would be increasing. Also, in order to lower the production costs, lots of international companies will transfer part of work in some countries with lower labor and material costs. This kind of out-sourcing activity enhances the global cooperation as well. Porter five forces model: | |Force | | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Rivalry among competitors | | |ï ¼Å  |[pic] | | |Threat of Substitutes | | | | | ï ¼Å  | |Barriers to Entry | | | |ï ¼Å  | | |Power of Suppliers | | | | |ï ¼Å  | |Power of Buyers | | | | | ï ¼Å  | | |(Strong) | | |Show MoreRelatedZara E-Business672 Words   |  3 PagesExecutive Summary E-business Background Zara, part of Spanish giant Inditex Group, provides clothing products to customers demanding fast fashion that looks like high fashion at lower prices. It has been considered as the most remarkable fast fashion company of the 21st century. In order to understand and analyze the dynamics of the sector and the current state of Zara, Porter’s Five Forces and SWOT analysis will be used. E-Marketing The key elements of Zara’s e-marketing strategy include socialRead MoreZara s Operation Strategy And How It Uses Technology Into Operations For Fast Communication Between Different Departments Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Executive Summary This report is about Zara’s operation strategy and how it uses technology in operations to get competitive advantage in the fashion market. Zara introduced information system in operations for fast communication between different departments. The company’s store managers directly convey customers feedback to head office through advanced information system. Once the information gets collected by head office, the designers start working on new designs and take immediate opinionsRead MoreMarketing Plan: ZARA1571 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Content I. Executive Summary II. Situational Analysis III. Target Market IV. Swot Analysis V. Marketing objective and goals VI. Marketing Strategy and Tactics VII. 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It was founded by Mr. Amancio Ortega Gaona; currently Spains richest man. Zara specializes in fast fashion. At the end of fiscal year 2001 Zara was operating 1,284 stores world wide and had total revenue of €3,250 million. Inditexs headquarters and its major assets are located in the Galacia region of Spain. Inditex also operates five other chains: Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius and OyshoRead MoreZara: It for Fast Fashion1266 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary The objective of this document is to discuss the issue of Inditex’s DOS-base IT infrastructure and how it affects Zara’s performance. Inditex is concerned about its IT infrastructure being antiquated and the possibility that hardware vendors will upgrade their machines leaving them incompatible with DOS. Because Zara’s core business model is vertically integrated, it could specialize in speed and efficiency and the fast fashion trend. By assessing the pros and cons of the newRead MoreInformation Technology2051 Words   |  9 Pagesrelate to the way Zara runs its business. What types of systems are the most essential for this company in its current environment? In this new era of globalization, the using of technology has been very common and can be conclude as part of human’s life. In order to survive in today’s challenging business world, every organization has to be confronted with highly competitive pressure to bring out more effectiveness and efficiency when running a business. This case study is about Zara, large internationalRead MoreZara It for Fashion Case Study1595 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Zara has relied on Personal Digital Assistants (PDA’s) and Point of Sales (POS) terminal operating on Microsoft DOS which are not linked to the headquarters or other stores for its daily transactions. Although, the system has proved to be stable and reliable over time, it has become obsolete and cannot be supported by the providers. I recommend that the company invest on a new system like Windows, UNIX or Linux operating system which will enhance connectivity and flexibilityRead MoreZara It Strategies for Retail Essay2571 Words   |  11 PagesMIB 2013 2355 words Zara: IT for Fast Fashion Zara: IT for Fast Fashion EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In This case we see the typical problem which affect big Companies : the conflict between old style and new school of thought. We analyze Zara’s information Technology strategies and the diatribe between Salgado, The Head of the Department and Sanchez , his assistant,s concern upgrading the operating system and the implementation of a new IT system to fulfill the needs of a fast growing retail chainRead MoreZara Strategic Analysis2115 Words   |  9 PagesResearch paper Zara Students name: Instructor name: Class: Date: 1. Executive summary Background Information Inditex is an international Spanish company that designs, manufactures, and sells apparel, footwear, and accessories for women, men and children through its chains and shops around the world. Zara is the largest and internalized of all the Inditex products such as: Massimo Dutti, Pull amp; Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, and Oysho. It was firstly open from a businessman

Rhetorical Analysis on ADHD in Children - 635 Words

The main topic of this page is information and statistics pertaining to children that possess the disorder of ADHD. It provided several statistics amongst the boys and girls that have ADHD. It also provided percentages and rates of how many children are diagnosed with the disorder. It revealed that statistically proven boys are more likely to become diagnosed with the disorder than females are. This site also provided statistics ad ratings of the different treatments that children are taking and how many American children received treatment for the disorder in 2011. There was also a percentage representing the children that may have been diagnosed with the disorder but are not receiving any type of treatment for it. There are also facts supporting that parents that may have been diagnosed with the disorder are more likely to reproduce children that suffer from the same disorder opposed to parents who have not been diagnosed or exhibited any behaviors or symptoms of ADHD. It is also q uoted that children that have been diagnosed with the disorder may form a issue with maintaining any relationships or friendships amongst their peers. There was also a percentage that supported the fact that the children that suffer from the disorder of ADHD have a higher rate or major injuries and hospital visits compared to the average child. There is also a high economic cost to care and treat children that suffer from this disorder. I believe the audience for this site is for any of theShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of the Cdc Essay809 Words   |  4 PagesA Rhetorical Analysis of the CDC’s Website on ADHD The purpose of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to protect the health of America and to â€Å"promote the quality of life through the prevention and control of the disease, injury, and disability (CDC, 2013).† The CDC has a concern about a growing disease that is normally found in children to young adults called Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD. This Rhetorical Analysis will be focused on ADHD. TheRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )912 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of a Public Document Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious neurodevelopment disorder that has affected an innumerable number of children and adults in the United States (Centers for disease Control and Prevention, 2013). It is one of the most common disorders that can cause difficulty at school and home and can also remain into adulthood. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)publishes a web page on ADHD to inform and persuade the public thatRead MoreThe Center For Disease Control961 Words   |  4 PagesThe Center for Disease Control Rhetorical Analysis The Heartbeat of Public Awareness on ADHD Even though the CDC provides a vast amount of information, the CDC website provides facts regarding ADHD, because CDC provides information for families and children living with ADHD and overall, broadens the public’s awareness. The Centers for disease control and prevention begins by providing analyzes to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by acknowledging facts to a common but not so commonRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the Cdc Website950 Words   |  4 PagesLaura Jewell ENG-105 07-13-2014 Rebecca Foy The rhetorical analysis of the CDC’s website on ADHD. The CDC is a government funded organization, but they do not share enough information with the public, so we can be proactive in dealing with, or minimizing the negative effects of ADHD. The CDC is not sharing information that would help the public to understand, to minimize the questions being asked, and to what depths or severity ADHD is, or could be. Some of the public may not fully understandRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesfascinates me and attracts me to the Environmental Studies Program. Two courses in my geography department increased my interest in the connection between the environment and economics: Conservation of Underdeveloped Countries and Environmental Impact Analysis. In the former, we studied the problems of natural resource management in developing countries. The balance is always tilted toward economic growth at the expense of environmental preservation. For example, because the Pantanal Wetland could becomeRead MorePoems: City Planners15 330 Words   |  62 Pages amnesia, hypnosis’, which suggests control, numbness. Like Atwood’s poem, the second half of Cheng’s poem shifts into violent imagery: ‘hurt’ ‘bleed’ and ‘stain’ - to show that this ‘gleaming’ vision, when imposed by force, hurts. STRUCTURAL Analysis THEME - IMAGERY - LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES Atwood uses an irregular structure, which gives the effect that ideas, and flow, are forcibly cut short, as where she breaks the sentence ‘what offends us is / the sanities’. Cleanliness here seems almost antisepticRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pages The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative, the method of analysis and synthesis. But we consider that the study of euphemisms is impossible without using contextual-logical analysis. CHAPTER I. THE NOTION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH I.1. Definition of Euphemisms Euphemisms come from a Greek word meaning to speak favourably, and Greek provides what

Advancements in Rockets Free Essays

Advancements in Rockets My paper is going to inform you of the advancements that we the world have made over the years. The success and the failure that we have made and who and what has and hasn’t influenced the rocket in how its made or the look and shape and why it flew and how it flew and the advantages of having rockets and the different types of rockets. The Chinese were one of the first to start experimenting with gun powder they made arrows and attached a tube full of gun powder the escaping gas made the arrow move faster and fly farther and thus the first rocket was born. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancements in Rockets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later the Chinese used the gun powder idea and made a bigger tube and a longer arrow to help them fly straighter they used these new rockets to defend them from the attack of Mongols in 1232 the Mongols called these rockets â€Å"arrows of flying fire† and these arrows had great psychological effects on the Mongols. Europe the Mongols took this rocket idea and spread it through out Europe. In England a monk named Roger Bacon worked on improving the gun powder to make the rockets fly farther. In France Jean Froissart found out that you can shoot rockets more accurately by shooting the rockets out of tubes. In Italy Joanes de Fontana made a water skimming torpedo that was used for setting enemy boats on fire. Rockets and Science, Sir. Newton did a lot of studying on how gravity works and found his three laws of motion witch help people advance rockets and find out how rockets would do in outer space. Newton’s law then had a great influence on the shape and the look of rockets. In about 1720 a Dutch professor designed a car with a steam propelled jet engine. Germany and Russia began working with rockets with a mass of more than 45 kilograms. Some of these rockets were so powerful that their escaping exhaust flames made holes in the ground even before it got to leave the ground. During the late 18th century to the 19th century. The success of Indian rockets against the British in 1792 and 1799 it caught the eye of artillery expert Colonel William Congreve he then set out to design the rockets for the British government his rockets then became highly successful in battle. Used by British ships in the War of 1812 they inspired Francis Scott Key to write â€Å"the rockets’ red glare,† later know as The Star- Spangled Banner. The devastating nature of war rockets was not their accuracy or power, but their numbers. In a single battle thousand of them would be fired. An Englishman, William Hale, developed a technique called spin stabilization. In this method let escaping exhaust gases to strike a small vane at the bottom of the rocket causing it to spin witch is still used to day. How to cite Advancements in Rockets, Essay examples

Advancements in Rockets Free Essays

Advancements in Rockets My paper is going to inform you of the advancements that we the world have made over the years. The success and the failure that we have made and who and what has and hasn’t influenced the rocket in how its made or the look and shape and why it flew and how it flew and the advantages of having rockets and the different types of rockets. The Chinese were one of the first to start experimenting with gun powder they made arrows and attached a tube full of gun powder the escaping gas made the arrow move faster and fly farther and thus the first rocket was born. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancements in Rockets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later the Chinese used the gun powder idea and made a bigger tube and a longer arrow to help them fly straighter they used these new rockets to defend them from the attack of Mongols in 1232 the Mongols called these rockets â€Å"arrows of flying fire† and these arrows had great psychological effects on the Mongols. Europe the Mongols took this rocket idea and spread it through out Europe. In England a monk named Roger Bacon worked on improving the gun powder to make the rockets fly farther. In France Jean Froissart found out that you can shoot rockets more accurately by shooting the rockets out of tubes. In Italy Joanes de Fontana made a water skimming torpedo that was used for setting enemy boats on fire. Rockets and Science, Sir. Newton did a lot of studying on how gravity works and found his three laws of motion witch help people advance rockets and find out how rockets would do in outer space. Newton’s law then had a great influence on the shape and the look of rockets. In about 1720 a Dutch professor designed a car with a steam propelled jet engine. Germany and Russia began working with rockets with a mass of more than 45 kilograms. Some of these rockets were so powerful that their escaping exhaust flames made holes in the ground even before it got to leave the ground. During the late 18th century to the 19th century. The success of Indian rockets against the British in 1792 and 1799 it caught the eye of artillery expert Colonel William Congreve he then set out to design the rockets for the British government his rockets then became highly successful in battle. Used by British ships in the War of 1812 they inspired Francis Scott Key to write â€Å"the rockets’ red glare,† later know as The Star- Spangled Banner. The devastating nature of war rockets was not their accuracy or power, but their numbers. In a single battle thousand of them would be fired. An Englishman, William Hale, developed a technique called spin stabilization. In this method let escaping exhaust gases to strike a small vane at the bottom of the rocket causing it to spin witch is still used to day. How to cite Advancements in Rockets, Essay examples

Enterprise Resource Planning

Questions: 1. Currently businesses are mostly wish to implement ERP system than functional information system. Compare and contrast ERP and functional information systems? 2. Justify ERP is a best solution for business? 3. What are the main reasons companies experience failures in implementing ERP system? 4. Explain the term legacy system? 5. What are several key things companies should do to avoid ERP system failure? Explain the reasons for your proposals? 6. Why do you think ERP systems in particular are? Answers: 1. Compare and Contrast ERP and Functional Information System Serial no Characteristics Enterprise Resource Planning Functional Information System 1. Ease of Integration ERP system helps in facilitating wide integrated information system covering various functional areas of the including accounts, sales, human resource and distribution (Bansal 2013). The functional information system is limited to a specified functional area, which can be accounting function for example. 2. Flexibility ERP software helps in enhancing co-ordination among various entities of business applications due to its flexibility The Functional IS is not being able to go beyond a particular entity in which they are utilized due to its inflexibility (Tarhini, Ammar and Tarhini 2015). 3. Cost- Effectiveness ERP software deployment is very much cost effective as the software is modular and an organization can select particular modules, which are appropriate. The Functional Information Systems are very much costly as their applications needs to be separated for providing operations (Sadat et al. 2014). 4. Ease of Communication ERP system helps in sharing information by facilitating proper integration of all entities of the organization (Chang et al., 2015). It does not support communication with other entities of organization. 2. Justification Enterprise Resource planning is considered as the best solution for the organization. This is due to the following reasons: Efficiency: An ERP system helps in eliminating various repetitive procedures for reducing the problems that mainly occurs due to manual entry of data. The system is quite helpful in streamlining the business procedures for making it much more efficient for the organization to collect various data. Integrated Information: With the help of the system, the organization can keep their data in single location by keeping it consistent as well as up to date (Chofreh et al. 2014). Reporting: Reporting can be made easier as well as customizable by utilizing the ERP software. The company can respond properly to various complex data requests with the help of improved reporting. Customer Service: It is very much easy to give high quality customer service by utilizing an ERP system (Seethamraju 2015). With the help of ERP system, various sales as well as the people of customer service can interact with the consumers for enhancing the relationship between them. Security: ERP systems help in improving the accuracy, consistency as well as security of data. It is analyzed that restrictions of data can be enhanced by using ERP systems. 3. Reasons for companies failure in implementing ERP System The main reasons companies experience failures in implementing ERP system are as follows: Lack of proper resources: Most important problem occurs when there is lack of external as well as internal resources. Therefore, it is very much important to understand the needs of the resources in various phases of the project properly. Poor Implementation strategy: Implementation must be done in an effective way in order to achieve success. The implementation of ERP faces challenges due to lack of clear strategy of the problems that the ERP is expected to resolve (Cao, Nicolaou and Bhattacharya 2013). It is very much important to have a good strategy factor for the business processes, financial benefits as well as deadlines for ensuring that they are fully addressed. Inexperienced consultants: The ERP implementation faces numerous challenges due to inexperienced employees. Therefore, it is very much important to identify various experienced leaders for the project properly before it is implemented. Secondary Customization: Interfaces, data conversion as well as customization are considered as the three main reasons of technical issue in the ERP implementation (Zeng and Skibniewski 2013). Customization mainly helps in increasing the cost as well as time to deploy of the implementation. Project Management: The implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning can get affected due to the project manager. It is analyzed that both the size as well as scope of the project needs an experienced project manager for overseeing the different activities of the project. 4. Legacy System Legacy system refers to those obsolete computer systems, which may still be in use because either its data cannot be changed into any other newer or standard formats or its application programs cannot be updated. The system is mainly used for saving the cost of redesigning or replacing. The main implication of the Legacy System is that it is large, monolithic as well as difficult to modify (Antero 2015). The system requires proper maintenance and thus it involves modification as well as patching. Older hardware may need some added compatibility layers for facilitating device functionality in various incompatible environments. Legacy systems are used by organizations due to the following reasons Due to the effective working of the system The cost of redesigning is very much less Retraining new system can be costly (Zeng and Skibniewski 2013). Newer system can perform undesirable 5. Key things that companies must do for avoiding ERP system failure The key things that organization needs to do in order to avoid ERP system failure includes: Understanding current situation: It is very much important to understand the current system of the organization, data as well as processes for analyzing the problems in the present system (Tarhini, Ammar and Tarhini 2015). The shortcomings of the present system must be shortlisted and based on that new ERP system must be implemented. Draw on Obtainable ERP Insight: It is very much needed for accessing the experiences of other employees associated with ERP in other organization. It also helps in verifying the success rate as well as potential of ERP partners. Understand and Control Costs: It is quite important to establish proper budget for ERP related costs (Seethamraju 2015). Proper budget documentation must be utilized in collaboration with the stakeholders for managing and controlling costs of the project. Assemble an Effective Project Team: The project team must include all the stakeholders as well as key users from different affected groups of business. The project team of the organization must be guided by strong as well as fully dedicated project manager. Use training to ensure user adoption: It is very much important to provide proper training assistance to the employees of the organization (Cao, Nicolaou and Bhattacharya 2013). Proper training design must be created depending on the roles, responsibilities as well as requirements. 6. Reasons for thinking that ERP system are cited as examples of failure in IT systems development Poor selection of ERP: The main reason of ERP system failure is that the organization generally focuses on cost as well as speed of implementation (Antero 2015). These two factors must not be provided much priority as the most important need for any organization to analyze how the system will work with the practices as well as processes of the organization. Lack of executive Involvement: The ERP system faces failures due to lack of proper management within the organization (Seethamraju 2015). It is very much important that the management must involves with each of the processes of ERP implementation for analyzing its scope of works, its aspects, time as well as need of resources. Unrealistic expectations: ERP vendors provide guarantee that the ERP solutions can be implemented quickly at a very low cost but statistics show something else which leads to number of challenges (Zeng and Skibniewski 2013). Training on the new systems: Numerous challenges occurs by relying on the ERP vendors training as they are not always capable to train all the employees within a specified time. References Antero, M., 2015.A Multi-case Analysis of the Development of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) Business Practices. Copenhagen Business SchoolCopenhagen Business School, Institut for IT-LedelseDepartment of IT Management. Bansal, V., 2013.Enterprise Resource Planning. Pearson Education India. Cao, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2013. A longitudinal examination of enterprise resource planning system post-implementation enhancements.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.13-39. Chang, B., Kuo, C., Wu, C.H. and Tzeng, G.H., 2015. Using fuzzy analytic network process to assess the risks in enterprise resource planning system implementation.Applied Soft Computing,28, pp.196-207. Chofreh, A.G., Goni, F.A., Shaharoun, A.M., Ismail, S. and Kleme, J.J., 2014. Sustainable enterprise resource planning: imperatives and research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production,71, pp.139-147. Sadat Safavi, N., Zakaria, N.H. and Amini, M., 2014. The Risk Analysis of System Selection and Business Process Re-Engineering Towards the Success of Enterprise Resource Planning Project for Small and Medium Enterprise. Seethamraju, R., 2015. Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).Information systems frontiers,17(3), pp.475-492. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H. and Tarhini, T., 2015. Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), p.25. Zeng, Y. and Skibniewski, M.J., 2013. Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: A fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.332-353. Zeng, Y. and Skibniewski, M.J., 2013. Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: A fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.332-353. Enterprise Resource Planning Question: Describe about the concept of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in organizations. Answer: Introduction This present research study is conducted through concentrating on the concept of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in organizations. It has been found that specifically the SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) find difficulties in implementing their ERP system due to the presence of certain constraints. Lin, Zhao and Wei (2014) opined that ERP is software that helps the organizations in their business process management. Whereas, Chou et al. (2014) explained that it is broad set of organizational activities that helps to manage the business operations. In order to be more precise, it helps to manage and monitor supply chain, human resources, planning projects, product lifecycles, inventory finance, procurements, and other management activities of a business. Following the viewpoint of Madapusi and D'Souza (2012), the key functional are of ERP system include financial accounting, management accounting, human resources, manufacturing, order processing, supply chain management, project management, customer relationship management and services. It has been found that it is one of the popular software packages that is expensive and time consuming in nature. Due to effective implementation of ERP system, the organizations achieve a number of benefits. Chou et al. (2014) stated that the ERP system improves the quality and efficiency of the business. More specifically, it supports the upper level management in decision making process and leads the business to obtain better outcome. However, the major constraint is the high cost implementation and maintenance expenses (Madapusi and D'Souza 2012). In the assessment 1, the research questions had been elaborated that helped in conducting the research. In the present study, the research questions are demonstrated along with the objective of the research. Both the research questions and research objectives help to drive the research towards right direction. Apart from this, the literature review section establishes the brief understanding of the research topic. In order to discuss build the conceptual framework of the ERP system, the study has gathered information as well as knowledge from various books, academic journal and relevant websites. The research hypothesis is mentioned in this particular section of this study. Afterwards, the study discusses about the methods and techniques which are considered during conducting the study. Research design has created the road map through which the research can achieve its objectives. In addition, the data collection process as well as the outcome is manifested well. At the end of the st udy, the entire research is concluded. It helps to bring out a number of recommendations that help to resolve the research problems. 2. Research Questions and Objectives Research Objectives: The prime objective of this research is to reveal the issues and constraints that affect the implementation process of Enterprise Resource Planning, particularly in small and medium enterprises. Research Questions: The research question is 'How the issues affect the organizational operations in three phases of pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation ?. In order to be more precise, the research questions mainly concentrate on revealing the issues that the SMEs are confronting in their pre-implementation, during implementation, and post implementation phases. 3. Literature Review 3.1 Importance of ERP system in SMES As per the statement of Nwankpa and Roumani (2014), some reasons are there for which the SMEs need to implement ERP system in their business activities. The importance of ERP system in business activities highlights transparency, data reliability, integration of new technologies, reduce total cost of ownership, and reduce operational risk. In order to elaborate the importance of transparency, Wei and Ma (2014) stated that the SMEs find difficulties to make their business profitable in shorter time span. This is the reason that the organizations need to address the profitable factors along with the factors that affect their business, in a rapid manner. In has been found that the SMEs confront plethora of problems to identify those factors and inject new ideas. Reliable ERP system helps them in strategy execution (Jenatabadi and Noudoostbeni 2014). Wei and Ma (2014) explained that data reliability is a crucial factor that helps to enhance the transparency of business. The SMEs find complexities in modifying one flow to other and predicting whether the new system would be profitable or not. It is very hard to take risk at the consequences where degree of uncertainty is too high. Through establishing effective ERP system, they are able to diminish the degree of risk and enhance the level of profitability as well. Furthermore, the ERP system helps the SMEs in fast deployment of innovating new technologies. In this context, Jenatabadi and Noudoostbeni (2014) added that through proceeding with the existing system properly, the organizations do not need to change the organizational system. As a result, the SMEs are able to reduce total cost of ownership by do not offering any radical evolution. Along with that, it reduces the operational risk which creates hitches in the path of obtaining more revenue as well as profit. As the ERP sy stem helps to make the organizational operations more effective and as a result the organizational system improves and the level of risk diminishes. 3.2 Issues and challenges in ERP system Teittinen, Pellinen and Jrvenp (2013) elaborated the fact that the SMEs confront plethora of issues and challenges in introducing as well as incorporating ERP system in their business operations. The prime issues and challenges are made regarding awareness, perception, earlier implementations, approach to implementation, cost and change management. As discussed by Marsh et al. (2014), low level of awareness is found among the SMEs for ERP vendors, ERP applications, and many more. In most of the cases, the leaders of the SMEs are not aware well about the effectiveness of ERP system, and their scope of improving the business operation through existing ERP system. Along with that, most of the SMEs have a perception that only the large firms need to incorporate ERP system in order to manage their high cost acquisition, implementation, and maintenance (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). They further belief that the large firms face complexities in maintain their ERP system. As the SMEs are engaged i n small size businesses, they have the perception that they do not need to incorporate any ERP system, or the system might increase their level of difficulties. Following the statement of Seethamraju (2015), much of the organizations fail to implement the ERP system which led them to bankruptcy. This earlier failed implementations cases make the SMEs belief that the ERP implementation is waste of effort as well as time which might diminish the entire business. The SMEs are advised by the ERP vendors to consider the effective ERP system in order to bring out the best business practices. This approach of implementation makes both the vendors and the SMEs profitable. The fewer amounts of capital and high cost are the prime reason that the SMEs tend to take their step back from incorporating the ERP system (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). In most of the cases, the ERP implementation process is failed due to being considered as an automation project instead of changing management process. The leaders of SMEs fail to effectively utilize their ERP system because all the stakeholders are not ready to accept the changes (Teittinen, Pellinen and Jrvenp 2013). 3.3 Factors affect ERP implementation process According to Ahmad and Cuenca (2013), the major factors that affect the ERP implementation process include provided data, parallel system, training and testing, expectations, and employee retention. Strong management system is needed in order to provide adequate as well as appropriate data. The inadequate data create hitches in ERP implementation process for which they fail to formulate the standard format of the data and the system as well. Ram, Corkindale and Wu (2013) added that the parallel system should be avoided in the ERP implementation process. In order to be more precise, when the SMEs face issues after in finance module after implementing the ERP system, they ignore the sales and distribution module. Further, they back to the old system and hence the proper integration process id hampered. The support systems that the vendors provide become more difficult and obsolete to implement. Furthermore, the inappropriate training to the team and ineffective testing of the present E RP system create constraint in effective implementation process. Gupta et al. (2014) stated that the management of the SMEs clearly states their expectations about the return on investment. Whereas, the vendors found that the expectations are not practical as it takes around four months to determine the significant return. Apart from this, the ERP implementation process of the SMEs is affected due to facing problems in employee retention (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). In some cases, it has been seen that the firms experience great losses when the employees quite job after being provided training. 3.4 Issues in pre-implementation phase As stated by Al-Hinai, Edwards and Humphries (2013), the SMEs confront complexities in implementing the ERP process due to their limited resources. The limited resources of the firms restrain the business to enhance and improve further. Due to having limited resources, they face more difficulties in selecting the most effective ERP system, which would help them to generate more profit. The selection of ERP system and selection of vendor should be aligned in order to bring out the best practice. The SMEs are engaged with small number of vendors and thus they need to select their vendors that make them profitable. Along with that the selection of consultant is one of the crucial parts in the pre implementation phase of ERP system (Schniederjans and Yadav 2013). It has been found that the consulting team helps the organizations to make an informed decision and make the current system more valuable. Thus, it is way much important to select the correct consultants so that they can achieve their goal within certain time period (Al-Hinai, Edwards and Humphries 2013). 3.5 Issues in ongoing-implementation phase Katerattanakul, Lee and Hong (2014) opined that most of the issues the SMEs confront in the ongoing implementation phase of ERP system. Before initiating the process, they need to outline the proper system of implementation. Most of the SMEs do not know which practices would be more benefited for their business and thus they face issues in considering any certain system. Along with that, proper implementation approach needs to be applied in ERP implementation process (Chofreh et al. 2016). The implementation approaches vary due to differences in the business processes, goals and short term objectives. Besides, it has been mentioned that the most of the SMEs have a perception that the ERP implementation is the waste of time and money. Thus, it is essential to determine the implementation time and cost to reduce the risk of failure (Katerattanakul, Lee and Hong 2014). Moreover, they fail to indentify all the scopes of ERP implementation and thus lack of appropriateness is found in proj ect planning (Chofreh et al. 2016). Besides, they fail to address the exact reasons that drive them to change the organizational processes and systems. These issues lead them to confront failure or bear high cost (Katerattanakul, Lee and Hong 2014). 3.6 Issues in post-implementation phase As discussed by Galy and Sauceda (2014), the SMEs ignore their roles and responsibilities towards their business after implementing the ERP system. In the post implementation phase, the SMEs confront some major issues regarding security risk, operational issues, insufficient training arrangements, human consequences and employee retention. In order to secure their data, the firms need to increase the security of their ERP system so that they would able to reduce the operational issues. As the SMEs fail to restrain the security risks, they face more operational issues (Chou et al. 2014). Galy and Sauceda (2014) added that in some cases the SMEs do not provide training programs to the staffs and thus lack of knowledge and skills lead the business towards failure. The reason behind not providing training programs is to restrict the cost of implementation (Chou et al. 2014). The human resources are the key strength is of the business. Due to the changed management and operations process, most of the employees quit their job as they found that they might not fit in the changing environment. Thus, the employee retention is the greatest issue that the SMEs confront in the post implementation phase of ERP system (Chou et al. 2014). 3.7 Research Hypothesis The research hypotheses for this present research are as follows: H0: SMEs of Australian market does not face any kind of issues while implementing ERP system H1: SMEs of Australian market faces several issues while implementing ERP system 4. Research Design 4.1 Type of research taken Mackey and Gass (2015) depicted that the research methodology is a procedure that is undertaken in order to accomplish the complete research. In a view to supporting the research, primary research system is being considered. The primary research signifies that the information is collected personally by conducting an interview with the managers for attaining better information regarding the problem faced by them for implanting new ideology for the betterment of their organizational functionally so that they can achieve more profitability. 4.2 Measurement and scaling techniques In the context of the measurement and the scaling techniques, the focus group has been considered. These focus groups are the managers of the ten different selected SME for discussing the issues they are facing from the initiatives taken for the implementation of the ERP systems. Gibbs (2012) illustrate that the primary reason for considering the managers as the focus group is that, they are closely associated with the operational functionality of the ERP system. Some of the managers are supervising the implementation of this system and hence can illustrate the problems more efficiently. 4.3 Sample design Trotter (2012) portray that sample design is considered for research in order to analyze the problems by taking some respondents for the research known as sample size. For this research, the sample size that is considered is 10, and all of them are managers from each SME respectively. Proceeding this way, the different problems can be analyzed that they are facing by the implementation of the ERP system within their organization. 4.4 Data collection method Palinkas et al. (2015) stated that data can be collected mainly in two ways primary and secondary data collection. In this research study, primary data collection is being used for attaining appropriate information from the managers of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) regarding the issues faced by them for the post implementation of the ERP system for their business procedure along with the problem faced during the implementation phase and the post-implementation phase. Nomano et al. (2014) depict that in primary data collection method two more methods have been used - qualitative and quantitative. In order to accomplish the research, qualitative method has been considered. Moreover, Landt and Melville (2013) portray that in order to support the content of the literature review, secondary data has been collected through some articles, case studies and blogs for gathering information on ERP system and the evolved issue due to that. 4.5 Plan of data analysis Data analysis is a procedure that is being used for evaluating the outcome of the result of the research. In order to support this research study, three different variables are being considered - pre-implementation, application and post-implementation of the ERP system with their business procedure. Moreover, the sample size that is being taken into consideration is 10. The obtained value of the data collection, two statistical procedures is put into operation that is the frequency distribution and the correlation method. Hillier et al. (2013) illustrate that the primary advantage of evaluating the frequency distribution is to analyze which issues have more significance in every targeted SME organization. It is evident that not all SME will use the ERP system for the same purpose and hence by evaluating which issues is occurring more compared to others; an organization can take appropriate steps to mitigate the circumstance. Tran et al. (2014) demonstrate that the advantage of evaluating correlation is to determine the dependency of the issues of one variable to the other. Elaborating the scenario, how much the issue faced during the pre-implementation of ERP system is dependent on the issues occurring in the implementation phase. 5. Research Outcome Various issues are created while implementing Enterprise Resource Planning systems to various small and medium scale enterprises. Data was collected by questionnaire method and the managers of these small and medium scale enterprises were interviewed to fill up the questionnaires. On answers of the survey revealed that there are three phases of the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning systems (Grchenig 2013). The first phase was pre implementation phase, the second phase was implementation phase and the third phase was post implementation phase. Ten different small and medium scale enterprises were chosen for this survey. It was found that the ten different small and medium scale enterprises had different problems at the three different stages of implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning. On considering the pre implementation phase, it was seen that the first, seventh and eight small and medium scale enterprises had issues regarding the limited resources. Second, fourth, fifth and ninth small and medium scale enterprises had issues regarding selection of ERP system. Small and medium scale enterprises number three and ten had issues regarding the selection of vendor while sixth small and medium scale enterprises had issues regarding the selection of consultant (Cao et al. 2013). Thus, it was seen that most of the enterprises had problems regarding the selection of ERP system" and the least number of problems was faced due to selection of vendor. This could be the result of availability of various ERP systems and the enterprises could not select the best ERP system for their enterprises. Figure 1: Issues regarding pre implementation phase (Source: created by author) Considering the implementation phase, it was seen that first and tenth small and medium scale enterprises had issues regarding the proper system implementation. Third and ninth small and medium scale enterprises faced issues regarding the approach of implementation. Second small and medium scale enterprises had problems regarding implementation time and cost (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013). Sixth and seventh small and medium scale enterprises had problems regarding the Clearly defined scope of implementation procedure. Fourth had problems regarding Proper project planning while the fifth and eighth had problems regarding Minimal customization of the system. None of the small and medium scale enterprises had problems regarding organisational changes, process changes (Boashash 2015). Thus, it was seen that the issues faced during the implementation phase were different for different enterprises. This is because different enterprises had different line of business and their issues were differe nt from each other. Figure 2: issues faced during the implementation phase (Source: created by author) For the post implementation phase, it was seen that there are five types of problems that could arise. The analysis of the views of managers of the selected small and medium scale enterprises reveals that fourth, ninth and tenth enterprises had issues regarding security risks. The first enterprise had issues regarding operations (Cao et al. 2013). The second, third and eighth enterprises had issues regarding the insufficient training arrangement. The seventh small and medium scale enterprise had human consequence related issues while the fifth and sixth small and medium scale enterprises faced problems due to employee retention (Galy and Sauceda 2014). It was seen that most of the enterprises had problems regarding the security risks and insufficient training arrangement. These two factors are the major concern in any business. Insufficient training would lead to incapable employees who cannot perform well in the business. This would result to loss in business. Security is another im portant issue that would cause harm to the business if not implemented properly. Thus, various problems were faced by different enterprises which could be the cause of their different domain of business. Figure 3: Problems faced during post implementation phase (Source: Created by author) On performing the correlation coefficient between the three variables, it was found that the correlation coefficient between pre implementation phase and implementation phase was -0.200221822 (Tasevsk et al. 2014). This suggests that there was a weak negative correlation between these two variables. The more is the issues regarding pre implementation phase, the lesser would be the problems during implementation phase. This is because new strategies could be framed on facing problems during pre implementation phase, which would help in the smooth running during implementation phase. The correlation coefficient between pre implementation phase and post implementation phase was 0.158672185 (Chou and Hong 2013). This weak positive correlation suggests that more problems during pre implementation phase results in more problems during post implementation phase. The correlation coefficient between implementation phase and implementation phase was found to be 0.521650593 (Tasevsk et al. 2014 ). This suggests a moderate positive correlation between the two variables. It could be interpreted that facing more issues during the implementation phase would result to more issues during post implementation phase. This is because problems during implementation phase would lead to various issues that would be carried forward to the post implementation phase. 6. Conclusion and Recommendation 6.1 Conclusion It is concluded from the entire study that some Small and Medium Enterprise faces problems for the implementation of the ERP system for the betterment of their organization. The issues that they are facing mainly in occurring in three phases - pre-implementation phase, implementation phase and the post-implementation phase. The issue that they are facing in the pre-implementation phase is the limited resources for the implementation, selection of the effective system, vendors and their consultant. However, proper system and approach implementation cost and time along with the proper project planning are some of the problem faced during the implementation phase. Moreover, the post-implementation have a security risk, operational issues. Improper training to the staffs for handling the ERP system is also a major problem after implementing ERP within the organization. 6.2 Recommendation The primary requirement regarding the effective ERP system is to make a clear and extensive list of ERP requirement that will be beneficial for the organization. These well-defined evaluation projects result in the better implementation of the new system. The existing staffs must be provided adequate training by the experts and professionals so that they can manipulate the implemented ERP system. Training procedure must comprise of three steps on design, test the system and post go-live. On design resembles the high-level design by conducting a conference with the employees. Testing procedure resembles the early testing of the new system and its regular assessment so that any evolved problem can be resolved in the initial stages. Lastly, in the context of the post go-live is the stage where the employees ask frequent question as they are trained to use the new system. These problems were not addressed during training documentation but can be resolved by expertise suggestions. Apart from the professional trainers and vendors of ERP system provider, it is compulsory for SME to appoint some ERP product professionals. Relying only on the selected vendors, an organization cannot obtain all the appropriate references to what correct procedures, the negative impact of the occurred problem if any and what system is being differently used in their ERP model that result in a better outcome for the organization. These ERP product professionals can select appropriate measures for utilizing significant time, energy and money with implementation partners. 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